28.6% of women of 18 years old and older live under the economic dependence of the partner or former partner

The National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) informed that according to the results of the National Survey on Social Relations (ENARES) 2024, 28.6% of women of 18 years old and older depend on their partner or former partner to cover their economic needs in food, health, housing, education, recreation and others.

By departments it was observed that Lambayeque has the highest percentage of women with economic dependence of the partner or former partner with 45.1%, followed by La Libertad with 40.7% and Ancash with 37.5%. On the other hand, the departments with lower proportion were Tacna (17.3%), Puno (16.7%) and Madre de Dios (12.1%).

The presentation of the results of the National Survey on Social Relations (ENARES) 2024 was in charge of the chief of the INEI, Dr. Gaspar Morán Flores, during the ceremony performed on the headquarters of the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations that was also attended by the minister, Fanny Esther Montellanos Carbajal.

ENARES 2024 revealed that 14.1% of women of 18 years old and older suffered psychological violence from partner or former partner in the last 12 months. The most frequent ways of psychological violence are to ignore or reject women so she felt bad, insults or mocking in front of people, grew jealous or monitored her.

The great percentage of women victims of violence was registered in Apurimac (31-4%), Cusco (28.4%) and Ayacucho (21.8%). Meanwhile, the lower proportion was registered in La Libertad (8.2%), Cajamarca (9.6%) and Ica (9.7%).

During the year 2024, 4.4% of women of 18 years old and older manifested being physically assaulted by partner or former partner in the last 12 months. This type of violence is translated in slaps or snacks in the face, punches, pushes, shakes, drags or thrown to the ground, among others.

2.4% of women of 18 years old and older was a victim of sexual violence in the last 12 months. Among the ways of violence by the side of partner of former partner, declared with frequency were: sexual relations using force, intent of sexual relations through the use of physical force, sexual relations for fear of what men could do to her and indecent touching against their will.

During the year 2024, 34.1% of women of 18 years old and older manifested being suffered from interparental violence during childhood, it means, they were witness of violence that suffering the mother or women that raise them by hands of the partner or former partner.

At department level, Apurimac registered the greater proportion of victims of this type of violence with 60.2%, followed by Puno and Cuzco with 53.2% each one. Meanwhile that the lower percentage was observed in Ica with 17.5%. Cajamarca 22.2% and Piura 22.5%.

It should also be noted that in the case of men of 18 years old and older, 34.0% were victim of interparental violence in childhood.

ENARES of 2024 revealed that 80.8% of men of 18 years old and older tolerates violence against women; and in women that proportion represented the 70.9%.

According to research, the most frequent ways of tolerance towards violence against women were: If a women decide to get drunk and is violated, she is responsible; women that cheat must be punished by her partner; if men bring money to home, she must obey; if woman does not resist herself, she cannot say she was violated.

At national level, 56.5% of men of 18 years old and older justified the sexual violation against women: the most frequent ways of violence were: If a women decide to get drunk and is violated, she is responsible; if woman does not resist herself, she cannot say it was violation; women must be willing to have sexual relations when their partner want it, among others.

According to the results of ENARES 2024, 71.3% of the population of 18 years old and older approve sexist attitudes. According to sex, these proportions represented the 76.2% in men and 66.5% in women.

Sexist attitudes that registered with greater frequency were: to prefer that father travels instead of the mother due to work, the important decisions in the family must be taken by the father, to bear and do not report violent acts for the sake of their children and that women ask permission to their partners when they want to go out alone.

ENARES 2024 showed that at national level, 45.9% of girls and boys of 9 to 11 years old suffered psychological or physical violence at the hands of mother or father or at the hands of those whom acting as their replacement, in the last 12 months. According to sex, children who are victim of violence represented the 47.3% and the girls represented the 44.6%.

The most frequent ways of psychological violence are: insults and to mention them that all that they do or say is wrong; and in physical violence, are very common the hits with a belt, rope, stick or other object; and ear and hair pulling.

At school level and according to ENARES 2024, 44.0% of girls and boys of 9 to 11 years olds suffered of psychologic or physical violence by hands of a fellow student during the last 12 months. According to sex, it was observed that 45.2% of girls and 42.8% of boys were victims of school violence such as insults, mocks, scorn, nicknames, ear and hair pulling, kicks, punches, pokes or knee strike, among the most frequents.

In the case of adolescents of 12 to 17 years old, 43.6% manifested being victim of psychological violence by at the hands of those whom acting as their replacement, in the last 12 months. By sex, it can be observed that the victims of psychological violence reached 48.0% of women and 38.9% of men.

In the school level, the adolescents that suffered from psychological or physical violence by hands of a student of other school represented 45.9% in the last twelve months. From them, 42.8% were men and 48.9% were women.

It is important to mention that the ways of school violence declared with frequency were: gossips that make feel bad, insults, mocks, scorn, slaps, punches, pinches, spankings and ear and hair pulling. Meanwhile that those of sexual kind were comments or sexual jokes and uncomfortable touching in some part of the body.

ENARES 2024 revealed that 22.4% of female adolescents of 12 to 17 years old were victim of sexual violence by a sexual offender different from the partner or former partner, in the last 12 months. The most frequent ways of sexual violence were: comments or jokes of sexual nature, private messages of sexual nature, glances to its private parts and uncomfortable touching in some part of their body.

By saying sexual harassment, 21.7% of adolescents of 12 to 17 years old suffered this situation by a sexual offender different from the partners or former partner in the last 12 months.

ENARES 2024 revealed that 19.0% of male adolescents of 12 to 17 years old inflicted violence against a student of other school in the last 12 months. This violence was reflected in insults or threats, ignore or remove a student from the group, to punch a student of other schools.